In Dhofar’s wadis, Boswellia sacra trees weep aromatic resin that once funded civilizations. The ancient frankincense trade route from Oman to Petra now lives through Bedouin harvesters like Salim Al-Mashani, who follows his ancestors’ *mangabat* calendar for sustainable tapping.
Using a *mingaf* (traditional chisel), Salim makes precise incisions during the July full moon, when sap flows richest. Milky resin solidifies into “pearls” graded by color: silver *hojari* for sultans, amber *najdi* for European cathedrals. Caravans once carried these tears to Alexandria, where Cleopatra burned them to mask Nile odors.
Modern Oman balances tradition with innovation. At Muscat’s Amouage factory, Swiss perfumers blend frankincense with rare oud using 3,000-year-old recipes. Meanwhile, archaeologists excavating Sumhuram’s ruins discovered stone presses for frankincense oil—likely used in Roman cancer treatments.
Climate change threatens the trees: rising temperatures shorten resin seasons, while overharvesting for aromatherapy markets stresses ancient groves. UNESCO now funds drone surveillance of the Frankincense Park Biosphere, preserving both ecology and living history.
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